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LNER Route: Leicester to Marylebone
Rugby Central Station: gcrcs206
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An unidentified LNER A3 4-6-2 Pacific locomotive is seen
hauling an up express at speed just south of Rugby in 1938. The outcome of the
various experiments and modifications made to the A1s in the late 1920s was a
new class of locomotive, the A3, the first example of which was numbered by the
LNER as No 2743 and named Felstead. This locomotive appeared in August
1928 with a 220 pounds per square inch boiler, 19-inch cylinders, increased
superheat, long-travel valves, improved lubrication and modified weight
distribution. Another new development was the changeover from right-hand drive
to left-hand drive, less convenient for a right-handed fireman, but more so for
sighting signals, resulting in the modification of all earlier locomotives.
Twenty-seven A3s were built from new, until 1935, with little variation except
for a new type of boiler with a "banjo dome", an oval steam collector that was
placed on top of the rear boiler ring. The first banjo dome was hidden beneath
the casing of Cock o the North of 1934; it was subsequently used
in the A4 streamliners. The last nine A3 Pacifics were constructed with the
device in 1935, and it became a standard fitting on all LNER large,
wide-firebox boilers that were applied to new locomotives until 1949. It was
also applied to replacement boilers on the A3s. Although all of the original
Class A1 locomotives were eventually rebuilt to Class A3 specifications, it was
a drawn-out process that lasted until 1949; No 60068 Sir Visto was the
last locomotive to be converted. The changeover to left-hand drive took longer,
and continued into the 1950s.
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